The earliest archaeological remains of the province date from the ninth millennium BC C., before to the Neolithic revolution. Another important site is El Paraiso, dating from the Archaic Period, a construction in U-shaped for ceremonial events.
The Huaca Bellavista and Maranga witness the progress and organization that had its first settlers, before being incorporated into Tahuantinsuyo. In fact the history of Callao, was initiated two years after the foundation of Lima, when facing the sea, without a foundation certificate, the first building was erected. Then at mid-term of 1639, on the outskirts lived around 5,000 people. Thereafter, the port of Callao received better care of the viceroys for the importance of maritime trade.
Over the years, from the Real Felipe fortress (built in 1746) the Spanish rejected in two occasions the squads of Lord Cochrane and tried to block the liberator deed of José de San Martin, but the majority of chalacos fought against the oppressors.
It is unknown the exact date of foundation of the city of Callao. However, in the first maps of Peru appears this port city. In the map of 1635, the cartographer Guiljelmus Blaew (1571-1638) is known as “V. of Callao” (Villa del Callao) and Lima appears as “V. Lima” or “Los Reyes”. Because of the proximity to the Peruvian capital, during the Viceroyalty of Peru was colloquially known as the “Port of Lima”. In 1671 the port of Callao was elevated to the status of "city”
REPUBLICAN HISTORY
During the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, the General Andres de Santa Cruz announced the creation of the Callao Littoral Province, with political autonomy in internal affairs. On April 22, 1857 during the government of Marshal Ramón Castilla, is promoted by the National Convention that presiding the lawyer chalaco José Galvez Egusquiza to the rank of Constitutional Province.
This name is distinguished by the fact that whiles all the remaining provinces of the country were for mandated of the law, Callao was for constitutionally mandated.
The first mayor of the Constitutional Province of Callao was Colonel Manuel Cipriano Dulanto, holding office since April 7, 1857 to January 1, 1858.
In 2002, in the process of regionalization driven by the government of Alejandro Toledo Manrique, the Constitutional Province of Callao count with a Regional Government. Its current mayor, elected for 2007-2010 is Dr. Felix Moreno Caballero, of the Independent Movement Chim Pum Callao.
Callao, Bellavista, La Punta, La Perla, Carmen de la Legua - Reynoso and Ventanilla, within its jurisdiction the group formed the island San Lorenzo and neighboring islands. Under a decree of the autonomy of Callao (1836), its jurisdiction included furthermore Bellavista and Callao, "Magdalena, Miraflores, Chorrillos”.
The island of San Lorenzo is the jurisdiction of the Admiralty. There was found ruins of Moche people, called "SINA", so that at the time of the Conquest was known by the name of "Island Sina." The new boundaries of the Province have been demarcated by the Military Geographical Institute under the Law No. 12538 in January 12, 1956 and the recent Decree-Law N º 17392, that create the district of Ventanilla. The map of Callao, built according to the “valid laws”, assigns the following data: Total Area 147 km² 850 m², Territorial Sea Area: 12.500 Km².
ACCESS
By air
- Lima can be accessed in this way arriving at the airport whose name is inspired in one of the pioneers of aviation in the country, Jorge Chavez International Airport.
This airport is situated approximately thirty minutes from the popular historic city center.
- The international airlines that connect Peru with the world's major cities are:
o Aerolineas Argentinas
o AeroMexico
o AeroSur
o Air Canada
o Air Europa
o Air France
o Alitalia
o American Airlines
o Avianca
o Continental Airlines
o Copa Airlines
o Delta Airlines
o Iberia
o KLM
o Lan Airlines
o Spirit Airlines
o TAM
o The national airlines are:
- Aero Transportes S.A.
- Cielos Andinos
- Taca Perú
- Lan Peru
- Lc Busre
- Peruvian Airlines
- Star Peru
As you can see, seems to be no excuses when you visit Callao, the access roads are good and also multiple. In this case, access by sea is arriving at the port of Callao. The port of Callao is the most important gateway to the country’s capital, by this port arrive the most famous cruise ships that travel around the world, each day are increasing the options for cruise ships arriving and taking Peru as a point in their South American tour. Some of these lines are recognized, among others, Caribbean, Hapag Lloyd, Cunard, Princess Cruises and Star. The Port of Callao is in the constitutional province of Callao in Lima.
Roadway
Otherwise if the chosen option is a roadway trip the most important thing is that there are three possible accesses. If the propose is get in from the north zone the only way is crossing the border with Ecuador. If the propose is get in from the south zone the only way is crossing the border with Chile. But if the idea is get in from the southeast zone the border to cross is the one Peru has with Bolivia.
CLIMATE
Its climate is humid and foggy most of the year, and warm and sunny during summer time (January, February, and March). It has an average annual temperature of 19ºC (66ºF). In summer, it reaches an average temperature of 30ºC (86ºF), and during winter, it drops to 14ºC (57ºF
HEALTH CENTERS
POLICE STATION
La Punta Police Station. Av. Brasil, La Punta
Carmen de la Legua Reynoso Police Station: Av. 1º de Mayo 1108, Carmen de la Legua Reynoso
Telephone: (01) 562-1044 Callao Police Station: Av. Fernandini y Supe, Urb. Santa Marina Norte (Across from City Hall of Callao)
Telephone: (01) 453-5458
Playa Rimac Police Station: Jr. Miguel Grau, 2 block, Callao. Telephone: (01) 473-1301
Ramon Castilla Police Station: Jiron Talñará, Urb. Ramon Castilla, Callao. Telephone: (01) 453-4801
